General Consistent with ISO vocabulary standards, each technical committee is responsible for standard terminology in its area of specialization. This document provides a common vocabulary applicable to all systems and software engineering work falling within the scope of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7, Software and systems engineering, and the IEEE Computer Society Systems and Software Engineering Standards Committee (IEEE-CS S2ESC) The scope of each concept defined has been chosen to provide a definition that is suitable for general application. In those circumstances where a restricted application is concerned, a more specific definition might be needed. Terms have been excluded if they were: - considered to be parochial to one group or organization - company proprietary or trademarked; - multi-word terms whose meaning could be inferred from the definitions of the component words; and - terms whose meaning could be inferred from the definitions of the component words; and - terms whose meaning in the information technology (IT) field could be directly inferred from their common English dictionary meaning.
Relationship of the print and internet-accessible versions The primary tool for maintaining this vocabulary is a database that is modified in a controlled fashion. Hosted by the IEEE Computer Society, the SEVOCAB (systems and software engineering vocabulary) database is publicly accessible at ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765 is issued periodically as a formal, published document reflecting a 'snapshot' of the database. The copyright notice provided with the database permits users to copy definitions from the database as long as the source of the definition is cited.
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Permitting public use of the definitions in the database is intended to encourage the use of other ISO/IEC JTC 1 and IEEE systems and software engineering standards Vocabulary structure Entries in the vocabulary are arranged alphabetically. Blanks precede all other characters in alphabetizing. Hyphens and slashes (- and /) follow all other characters in alphabetizing.
Preferred terms are shown in bold. Synonymous or admitted terms (terms with the same meaning as the preferred term), are listed under the preferred term in plain text, and can be located by searching. Terms, definitions, and notes use spelling preferred in the US. The use of capital letters has been minimized and generally limited to proper names and acronyms. In some cases, the source standard uses another correct spelling (such as behavior rather than behavior, on-line rather than online). Technical terms in English often change form from two words to a hyphenated word to a single word as they become more familiar, e.g., real time to real-time to real-time. Hence, other correct spellings and capitalization of the terms, according to a national standard, an authoritative term, such as 'CDR'.
Phrases are given in their natural order (test plan) rather than in reversed order (plan, test). Abbreviated terms can be listed separately as well as in parentheses following the source term.
Terms that are verbs are shown without the infinitive marker 'to' After each term, numbered definitions are listed in order of preference, or from the most general to the more specific usages. The different definitions can show the use of a term as a noun, verb and adjective.
This document includes references to the active source standards for each definition, so that the use of the term can be further explored. The sources of most of the definitions are ISO JTC 1/SC 7 or IEEE Computer Society standards and the PMI Glossary, Fifth Edition. Sources are listed in the Bibliography. Additional sources for definitions drawn from outside the scope of systems and software engineering are in Annex A, List of References. In some cases, the same definition can also be found in other active or withdrawn standards. No source is shown if the original source standard has been withdrawn or archived and the definition has been retained in this vocabulary.
Notes (comments), Examples, and Figures taken from the source standards have been included clarify selected definitions. Cross-references are used to show a term's relationship to other terms in the dictionary: cf.refers to related terms that are not synonyms PMI Glossary provisions The Project Management Institute (PMI) Glossary definitions have been included without alteration in accordance with the copyright agreement. Some of these terms and definitions are not worded according to ISO/IEC or IEEE styles. Many of these definitions include explanatory material.
For other terms and other definitions that have ISO/IEC and IEEE standards as their source, explanatory matter is shown in the Notes and Examples.
. Vander Stoep, Ann; Adrian, Molly; Mc Cauley, Elizabeth; Crowell, Sheila E.; Stone, Andrea; Flynn, Cynthia 2011-01-01 This study investigates the early manifestation of co-occurring depression and conduct problems as a predictor of heightened risk for later suicidal ideation and behavior in a community sample of 521 adolescents. Self-reported symptoms of depression and conduct problems were evaluated in early 6th grade.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors were. Lundervold, Duane A.; Ament, Patrick A.; Holt, Peter S.; Hunt, Lauren S. 2013-01-01 Acceptability ratings of medication or Behavioral Relaxation Training (BRT), for general anxiety disorder (GAD) co-occurring with Parkinson's Disease (PD) were obtained from younger ('n' = 79) and older ('n' = 54) adults.
Participants read a case description of an older adult with PD and comorbid GAD followed by a description. Denholm, Rachel; Crellin, Elizabeth; Arvind, Ashwini; Quint, Jennifer 2017-01-16 Asthma is one of the most frequently diagnosed respiratory diseases in the UK, and commonly co-occurs with other respiratory and allergic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atopic dermatitis. Previous studies have shown an increased risk of lung cancer related to asthma, but the evidence is mixed when accounting for co-occurring respiratory diseases and allergic conditions. A systematic review of published data that investigate the relationship between asthma and lung cancer, accounting for co-occurring respiratory and allergic diseases, will be conducted to investigate the independent association of asthma with lung cancer. A systematic review will be conducted, and include original reports of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies of the association of asthma with lung cancer after accounting for co-occurring respiratory diseases.
Articles published up to June 2016 will be included, and their selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A standardised data extraction form will be developed and pretested, and descriptive analyses will be used to summarise the available literature.
If appropriate, pooled effect estimates of the association between asthma and lung cancer, given adjustment for a specific co-occurring condition will be estimated using random effects models. Potential sources of heterogeneity and between study heterogeneity will also be investigated. The study will be a review of published data and does not require ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication.
International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD1. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to. Luciano, Alison; Carpenter-Song, Elizabeth A 2014-01-01 This article explores the meaning and importance of career exploration and career development in the context of integrated treatment for young adults with early psychosis and substance use disorders (i.e., co-occurring disorders). Twelve young adult men (aged 18 to 35 years) with co-occurring disorders recruited from an integrated treatment center completed a series of three semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews.
Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Purposive sampling ensured participants represented a range of substance abuse treatment stages. Participants had a mean age of 26 (SD = 3) and identified as White. Two-thirds of participants (n = 8, 67%) had diagnosed schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, three (25%) had bipolar disorder, and one (8%) had major depression; four (33%) also had a co-occurring anxiety disorder. The most common substance use disorders involved cannabis (n = 8, 67%), cocaine (n = 5, 42%), and alcohol (n = 5, 42%).
These young adult men with co-occurring disorders described past jobs that did not align with future goals as frustrating and disempowering, rather than confidence-building. Most young adult participants began actively developing their careers in treatment through future-oriented work or school placements. They pursued ambitious career goals despite sporadic employment and education histories. Treatment engagement and satisfaction appeared to be linked with career advancement prospects. Integrating career planning into psychosocial treatment is a critical task for providers who serve young adults with co-occurring disorders.
Whether integrating career planning within early intervention treatment planning will improve clinical, functional, or economic outcomes is a promising area of inquiry for rehabilitation researchers and clinicians. Klein Velderman, Mariska; Dusseldorp, Elise; van Nieuwenhuijzen, Maroesjka; Junger, Marianne; Paulussen, Theo G W M; Reijneveld, Sijmen A 2015-02-01 Adverse health-related behaviours (HRBs) have been shown to co-occur in adolescents. Evidence lacks on factors associated with these co-occurring HRBs. The Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) offers a route to categorize these determinants according to type (social, cultural and intrapersonal) and distance in the causal pathway (ultimate or distal). Our aims were to identify cultural, social and intrapersonal factors associated with co-occurring HRBs and to assess the relative importance of ultimate and distal factors for each cluster of co-occurring HRBs. Respondents concerned a random sample of 898 adolescents aged 12-18 years, stratified by age, sex and educational level of head of household.
Data were collected via face-to-face computer-assisted interviewing and internet questionnaires. Analyses were performed for young (12-15 years) and late (16-18 years) adolescents regarding two and three clusters of HRB, respectively.
For each cluster of HRBs (e.g. Smoking, delinquency), associated factors were found. These accounted for 27 to 57% of the total variance per cluster. Factors came in particular from the intrapersonal stream of the TTI at the ultimate level and the social stream at the distal level. Associations were strongest for parenting practices, risk behaviours of friends and parents and self-control.
Results of this study confirm that it is possible to identify a selection of cultural, social and intrapersonal factors associated with co-occurring HRBs among adolescents. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
Effinger, Jenell M.; Stewart, David G. 2012-01-01 Although both depression and substance use have been found to contribute to suicide attempts, the synergistic impact of these disorders has not been fully explored. Additionally, the impact of subthreshold presentations of these disorders has not been researched. We utilized the Quadrant Model of Classification (a matrix of severity of two. Steeley, W.J. 1992-01-01 PG and E's Department of Research and Development (R and D) is involved in several wind energy projects.
The performance of the wind turbines in Altamont Pass, Solano County, and Pacheco Pass has been monitored since 1981. As of December 1991, there is a total of about 825 MW of wind power in PG and E's service territory.
The wind turbines in these areas produced about 1,160,000,000 kWh in 1990, which corresponds to an overall capacity factor of 16%. This is about 1.5% of PG and E's system load. PG and E is planning to begin an advanced wind power plant demonstration in 1992. This paper reports that the project objectives are to evaluate the technical and economic characteristics of advanced wind energy plant designs; to establish construction, operation, and maintenance requirements and practices; and to evaluate emerging machines that show potential for significant advances over present technology. Windpower, the Electric Power Research Institute, Niagara Mohawk Power, and PG and E are involved in a joint program to develop a variable speed advanced wind turbine. PG and E is providing development funding and reviewing the design from an.